I. Case Background: Procurement Requirements of a Municipal Sanitation Department in Zhangzhou In 2025, the Urban Management Bureau of a district in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province (hereinafter referred to as the 'Procuring Entity') sought to enhance urban management service efficiency and planned to procure a batch of multi-functional service vehicles for daily inspections, equipment transportation, and emergency support. Following a public tender process, Chengli Special Purpose Vehicle Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as 'Chengli') delivered five Ford Transit V362 service vehicles. According to publicly available tender information, the project’s total budget was capped at approximately RMB 2.806 million, with an estimated unit price of around RMB 500,000 (based on local procurement practices). The Procuring Entity specifically emphasized that the vehicles must be suitable for Zhangzhou’s humid, hot, and rainy climate, requiring rust-resistant chassis, highly durable sealing components, and reliability under high-frequency operation (averaging 3–4 deployments per week during the rainy season). Chengli’s solution was based on the Ford Transit V362 chassis, integrated with a customized body-upfit, fulfilling the requirement for 'one-stop' service capabilities. II. After-Sales Clauses in the Contract: How to Draft Them to Protect Both Parties’ Interests? After-sales clauses are critical in government procurement contracts to prevent post-delivery disputes. In this case, the contract focused on three key aspects: 1. Joint Chassis Warranty & Lifetime Body-Upfit Support: Explicitly stipulated as “Dongfeng chassis covered by nationwide joint warranty; Chengli body-upfit supported with lifetime after-sales service.” Specific provisions included: chassis warranty provided by authorized Ford dealers nationwide (3-year or 100,000-km coverage), while body-upfit components—including anti-corrosion coatings, sealing elements, and electrical systems—were backed by Chengli’s lifetime repair support, charging only for parts cost. 2. Response Time & Spare Parts Supply: The contract specified that upon receiving a service request, Chengli must respond within 2 hours and dispatch required spare parts directly to Zhangzhou within 24 hours. For urgent failures, Chengli would coordinate priority handling through its local service station. 3. Specialized Protection for Humid-Tropical Environments: To address the high-humidity coastal conditions in Fujian, the contract added clauses specifying “anti-corrosion coating acceptance criteria” and “sealing component durability testing.” Vehicles were required to pass salt-spray testing prior to delivery (referencing the official type-approval parameters of model CLW5070GSSD6), ensuring coating service life of no less than 5 years. This clause design not only reduces the Procuring Entity’s long-term maintenance costs (public tender data indicates average annual repair expenses of ~RMB 12,000 per similar service vehicle; lifetime after-sales support can reduce such costs by ~40%), but also clearly defines the manufacturer’s responsibilities. III. Common Types of After-Sales Disputes: How Can Procuring Entities Mitigate Risks? In government procurement, after-sales disputes commonly fall into three categories: 1. Delayed Spare Parts Supply: Some manufacturers promise 'nationwide warranty' but maintain insufficient spare parts inventories in remote regions, causing vehicle downtime. Chengli mitigates this via its '24-hour direct spare parts dispatch' mechanism, leveraging its Suizhou production base and 10 regional distribution centers to ensure rapid response—even for prefecture-level cities like Zhangzhou. 2. Blame-Shifting on Body-Upfit Quality Issues: When chassis and body-upfit are supplied by different manufacturers, fault liability becomes ambiguous. Chengli provides a 'one-vehicle, one-file' service model, assigning a single integrated team to manage both chassis and body-upfit interfaces